Acceleration Equation

The Acceleration Equation is the second Friedmann equation: how what fills a universe speeds up or slows its expansion, with pressure gravitating as well as density. Matter, with no pressure, slows the expansion. The Null Vacuum, with p⦵ = −ρ⦵c², gives ρ + 3p/c² = −2ρ⦵ and turns the pull into a push, ä / a = +8πGρ⦵ / 3: Vacuum Pressure, the reason a universe's expansion accelerates late in its life. Formally, ä / a = −(4 · π · G / 3) · (ρ + 3 · p / c²), where ä [𝕋⁻²] is the acceleration of the scale factor, a [∅] the scale factor, G [𝕄⁻¹·𝕃³·𝕋⁻²] the universe's gravitational constant, ρ [𝕄·𝕃⁻³] the density and p [𝕄·𝕃⁻¹·𝕋⁻²] the pressure of what fills it, and c [𝕃·𝕋⁻¹] light speed: [𝕋⁻²] = [𝕋⁻²]. It connects to Vacuum Pressure, Friedmann Equation, Gravity of a Universe and Null Vacuum.

Category: Manuscript

Chapter: Chapter 3

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