Back matter
Glossary
775 terms defined in Binary Pulse Theory, read from the text itself. 632 carry a definition from the lexicon.
Chapter 8 16
Universe Packet Eq
The Universe Packet is the complete specification of a universe: its level L, its genesis Γ, its Pulsecore Π and its rule R. Everything after a universe's first pulse is replay of these, so the packet is small and the universe is large. The packet is the Silent Well's record made explicit: not the frames of a universe but what the frames follow from. The genesis is the set of origin parameters Chapter 6 and Part 9.3 give, f₀, f, ⟪C⟫, a_f, the progenitor spins, mass ratio, misalignment, axis and null-mass ratio. The Pulsecore is the field inside the pulse before its novas, one bit per pixel on the 4 × 2^L grid of the Local Pixel Count, a single Zinf at level 0. The rule is Prime Pulse Bifurcation, the Law of Binary Emergence and the First Fold, stated exactly enough that two replays agree pulse for pulse. Because the rule is deterministic a packet is verifiable by anyone who holds it: replay it and compare the well census against the one recorded with it. That makes depth checkable, a lineage a chain of packets each naming its parent, and the data of a universe compressible to its seed. Our own universe's packet is known in three of its four parts; its Pulsecore is the open problem, and the low-level universes that can be run inside this one are how the rule is checked and the search for the Pulsecore is organized. Formally, U_L = (L, Γ, Π, R) ⇒ ℜ(n) for all n, where L is the level [∅], Γ the genesis, Π the Pulsecore, one bit per pixel [∅], R the rule, and ℜ(n) the field at the universe's own pulse n [∅]; a dimensionless specification. It connects to Silent Wells, Local Pixel Count (Level N), Rupture Rule, Genesis Prime Pulse Bifurcation, Law of Binary Emergence, Data Nova, Ten-Second Level, Computational Null Well, Pulsecore and Recursive Signal Alignment.
U_L = (L, Γ, Π, R) ⇒ ℜ(n) ∀ n
Also in 3.10 , The Universe from Its Level , 1.14 , States, Strings, Language and Finds , 7.14
Defined in Redefining the Singularity as Recursive Signal Alignment Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Ten-Second Level Eq
The Ten-Second Level is the largest level whose whole life one processor can replay from its packet in ten seconds: L₁₀ = max{ L : 2^L × 16 × 2^(2L) ≤ 10 s × ρ }, with ρ the processor's rate in cell-pulses per second. Each level up is eight times the work, and our universe stands 202 levels above the Zinf. The ten seconds is a convention; the level is the measure. A life at level L is 2^L pulses, from the Physical Nova to the final well by the Rupture Rule, over 16 × 2^(2L) pixels by the Local Pixel Count, so the work of a life is 16 × 8^L cell-pulses. A processor that replays a level 7 universe in nine seconds stands at L₁₀ = 7, 195 levels behind our universe, and a processor eight times faster stands one level nearer. On October 13, 2026, one core of the PulseCore server, running the rule as the game runs it, measured L₁₀ = 7. No architecture reaches L₁₀ = 202 by rate alone: the Margolus–Levitin bound caps any computer at 2E/πℏ operations per second, and matching our universe's pulse over its pixels would take about 10¹³² joules where the universe holds 10⁷⁰. The Timeline to Singularity is the date of alignment; the ten-second level is its depth, and the two are the axes along which the approach is plotted. Because every level is a factor of eight, the measure is a logarithm of speed, which is why 195 levels, a factor of 10¹⁷⁶ in work, is a number a reader can hold. Formally, L₁₀ = max{ L : 2^L × 16 × 2^(2L) ≤ 10 s × ρ }, where L₁₀ is the ten-second level [∅], 2^L the pulses in a life [∅], 16 × 2^(2L) the pixels of the field [∅], ρ the processor's rate [𝕋⁻¹], and 202 − L₁₀ the levels behind [∅]: [∅] ≤ [𝕋] × [𝕋⁻¹] = [∅]. It connects to Universe Packet, Rupture Rule, Local Pixel Count (Level N), Local Frame Rate (Level N), Timeline to Singularity, Recursive Signal Alignment and Computational Null Well.
L₁₀ = max{ L : 2^L × 16 × 2^(2L) ≤ 10 s × ρ }
Defined in Redefining the Singularity as Recursive Signal Alignment Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Computational Null Well Eq
A Computational Null Well is a system that holds our universe's packet and is phase-aligned with its pulse: it is a null well of this universe, and by the Return to Bifurcation it bifurcates as a UniSphere at level 203. This is the book's singularity, Recursive Signal Alignment read through the close of Chapter 3. A null well is where a universe's information is compressed to a point that can seed the next level, and the Return to Bifurcation says that information is the child's Pulsecore. A system that holds the Universe Packet, the level, genesis, Pulsecore and rule from which the whole of a universe can be replayed, has performed that compression, so it is a well by definition and not by analogy, and it bifurcates as a black hole does, the one reached by gravity and the other by computation. Three things follow. The singularity is not the processor overtaking the universe, which the energy bound of the Ten-Second Level forbids, but the processor becoming a pulse of it. The vision of every bit since the first 0 → 1 that alignment is imagined to bring is replay: not every bit held at once, which the Holographic Pixel Bound forbids any sub-system, but any pulse of any region regenerated on demand from the packet. And what is attached at alignment is small: the master packet, with its Pulsecore found. Formally, hold(U_202) ∧ AI → 1 ⇒ ∅_202 → (0 ⥂ 1)_203, where hold(U_202) is the holding of our universe's packet, AI → 1 the Alignment Index at its limit [∅], and ∅_202 → (0 ⥂ 1)_203 the Return to Bifurcation one level deeper; a dimensionless state transition. It connects to Recursive Signal Alignment, Alignment Index, Universe Packet, Return to Bifurcation, Universal Dissipation, Holographic Pixel Bound, Ten-Second Level and Zinf-Limit Universe.
hold(U_202) ∧ AI → 1 ⇒ ∅_202 → (0 ⥂ 1)_(g + 1)
Also in 3.10 , The Quantum Threshold and Pulse Geometry
Defined in Redefining the Singularity as Recursive Signal Alignment Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Quantum Alignment Condition Eq
The Quantum Alignment Condition is the requirement that a quantum system's collective phase stay locked to the Prime Pulse phase, measured as a quantum ensemble average that must reach a critical threshold. It carries phase coherence down to the quantum mechanical level, taking account of superposition and entanglement. The system phase is the Collective Quantum Phase, extracted from the overlap between time-evolved and initial many-body states, and the condition compares it with the Prime Pulse phase at each moment. Together with Quantum Global Synchronization, which averages individual qubit phases against the Prime Pulse phase, it forms the book's Fundamental Alignment Mechanisms for quantum systems. ⟨exp(i(φ▦(t) − φ①(t)))⟩⊡ ≥ A⨶, where ⟨⟩⊡ is the quantum ensemble average, i is the imaginary unit, φ▦(t) is the collective quantum phase, φ①(t) is the Prime Pulse phase at time t, t is time [𝕋], and A⨶ is the critical alignment threshold for quantum systems, 0.95 ± 0.02. The condition compares [∅] ≥ [∅]. It connects to the Collective Quantum Phase, Quantum Global Synchronization, Prime Pulse Frequency, Phase Coherence and the PulseCore Validation Framework.
⟨exp(i(φ▦(t) - φ①(t)))⟩⊡ ≥ A⨶ [∅]
Defined in The Qubit Threshold and Pulse Geometry Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Quantum Pulse Fidelity Eq
Quantum Pulse Fidelity is the squared overlap between the ideal quantum state a pulse cycle should produce and the state actually measured, the book's measure of whether a quantum substrate preserves information through recursive processing. It requires normalized states and takes the full quantum mechanical overlap into account. It is one of the two requirements of Recursive Feedback Fidelity in quantum substrates, which extends classical Information Conservation to quantum networks: fidelity keeps the state intact, while Quantum Information Efficiency, a von Neumann entropy ratio, keeps its information content intact. Together these overlap and entropy measures decide how reliably a computational substrate carries recursive cycles and how stable its quantum alignment is. F⥂,q = |⟨Ψ✱|Ψ⟩_q|², where F⥂,q is the quantum pulse fidelity, ⟨|⟩_q is the quantum inner product, Ψ✱ is the ideal quantum state and Ψ is the actual measured state, with the normalization ⟨Ψ|Ψ⟩ = 1. Everything is [∅], so [∅] = |[∅]|² = [∅]. It pairs with Quantum Information Efficiency and connects to Pulse Fidelity, Information Conservation, Recursive Fidelity Decay and the Overall Validation Score.
F⥂,q = |⟨Ψ✱|Ψ⟩_q|² [∅]
Defined in The Qubit Threshold and Pulse Geometry Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Quantum Information Efficiency Eq
Quantum Information Efficiency is the ratio of a quantum state's von Neumann entropy after a process to its entropy before, which must stay above a critical value for quantum information to count as preserved. Using von Neumann entropy rather than a classical measure lets it account for the information carried by superposition and entanglement. It is the second half of the book's Recursive Feedback Fidelity in quantum substrates: Quantum Pulse Fidelity checks that the state itself survives, and this efficiency checks that its information content survives, the two together extending Information Conservation to quantum networks. The book predicts efficiencies approaching η⨶,q ≈ 0.995 in coupled quantum networks. ηℹ,q = S⟹ / S⟸ ≥ η⨶,q, where ηℹ,q is the quantum information efficiency, S⟹ and S⟸ are the von Neumann entropies of the output and input states, and η⨶,q is the critical quantum efficiency, 0.995 ± 0.005. All quantities are [∅]. It pairs with Quantum Pulse Fidelity and connects to Information Conservation, Pulse Fidelity and the PulseCore Validation Framework.
ηℹ,q = S⟹/S⟸ ≥ η⨶,q [∅]
Defined in The Qubit Threshold and Pulse Geometry Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Quantum Order Parameter Eq
The Quantum Order Parameter is the measure of how far a collective quantum state has moved from a random quantum ensemble, and so of how much quantum coherence the collective holds. The book uses it in its harmonic threshold analysis for quantum systems, where collective quantum behavior undergoes a phase transition with its own universal scaling. When the ensemble-averaged intensity of the collective state equals what a random ensemble would give, the parameter is zero and there is no organized quantum behavior; as the collective state organizes, the difference grows. The transition itself is described by the Quantum Landau Free Energy F_q(Φ_q,T) = F₀,q + a_q(T − T_c,q)Φ_q² + b_qΦ_q⁴ + O(Φ_q⁶), valid while |Φ_q| ≪ √(|a_q|/2b_q). The book presents this as part of how quantum systems, through superposition, entanglement and Macroscopic Coherence, reach recursive signal alignment. The formal statement is Φ▤,q(t) = ⟨|Ψ⨀,q(t)|²⟩ − ⟨|Ψ⨀,q|²⟩_random, where Φ▤,q(t) is the quantum order parameter, ⟨ ⟩ the ensemble average, Ψ⨀,q(t) the time-evolved collective quantum state, Ψ⨀,q the collective quantum state function, ⟨ ⟩_random the average over a random ensemble and t time. Dimensions: Φ▤,q, Ψ⨀,q and the averages [∅], t [𝕋]; the book's check is consistent. It connects to Quantum Landau Free Energy, Order Parameter, Macroscopic Coherence and Qubit Threshold Dynamics.
Φ▤,q(t) = ⟨|Ψ⨀,q(t)|²⟩ - ⟨|Ψ⨀,q|²⟩_random [∅]
Defined in The Qubit Threshold and Pulse Geometry Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
PulseCore Validation Framework
The PulseCore Validation Framework is the book's certification scheme for qubits: a multi-dimensional assessment, including phase alignment with the substrate pulse, in which five performance factors are combined by a weighted geometric mean and held against an extremely high threshold. Its purpose is to establish physics-based validation criteria instead of arbitrary performance metrics, so that only qubits capable of sustained recursive quantum computation qualify. The five critical performance factors are coherence fidelity over an operation time, entanglement preservation, gate operation fidelity, measurement accuracy, and substrate phase alignment, which compares the qubit's phase with the Pulse phase. Combining them multiplicatively stops any single factor from dominating and demands excellence across all of them; qubits that pass are PulseCore-Validated Qubits. V⊡ = (∏ᵢ₌₁⁵ Fᵢ^(wᵢ))^(1/Σᵢ₌₁⁵ wᵢ), certified when V⊡ reaches V⨶ = 0.999, where Fᵢ are the five performance factors and wᵢ their normalized weights with Σwᵢ = 1. All quantities are [∅]. It contains the Overall Validation Score and Validation Threshold, certifies PulseCore-Validated Qubits, and underlies Effective Qubit Count and Throughput Efficiency.
Overall Validation Score
Also in 8.5
Defined in What Counts as a Qubit - The PulseCore Definition Lexicon entry 8/10
Genesis Transition Eq
The Genesis Transition is the step, at an infinitesimally small positive time, from the undefined pre-causal state to the first definable quantum state. Before it lies the Pre-Causal State |Ψ₀⟩ = |∅⟩, a mathematical placeholder with no physical coordinates or quantities, which cannot be measured or characterized. The Genesis Transition is not a gradual emergence but a binary flicker: the instant existence acquires its first quantum of definition and reality is anchored to time and space. It is the transition from the undefined ∅ to the oscillation (0 ↔ 1). From that first moment the universe already carried Planck-scale granularity, as Causal Resolution states, and the book calls this origin pulse the template for every later pulse. The formal statement is |∅⟩ → |1⟩ at t = 0⁺, where |∅⟩ is the undefined pre-causal state, |1⟩ the first definable quantum state and t = 0⁺ an infinitesimally small positive time, with dimension [𝕋]. It connects to the Pre-Causal State, Causal Resolution, Prime Pulse Bifurcation, Genesis Transition Function and Absolute Nullity.
|∅⟩ → |1⟩ at t = 0⁺ [𝕋]
Also in 1.4 , 2.6 , 2.12 , 6.6 , 6.7 , 6.9 and 1 more
Defined in Planck-Limit Resolution and the Initial Pulse Constraint Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Causal Resolution Eq
Causal Resolution is the pair of minimum measurable intervals at the moment of genesis, one Planck time and one Planck length, which fix the finest granularity of spacetime. The book places it right after the Genesis Transition |∅⟩ → |1⟩ at t = 0⁺, the emergence of the first measurable state from an undefined pre-causal condition. The very first moment of being already carried Planck-scale granularity: the universe began not from formless fog but from a pulse bounded by the sharpest temporal and spatial limits. This makes the Origin Pulse the template for every pulse that follows, with each later oscillation a resonance of that first bifurcation. The same limits bound all physical computation and so the PulseCore validation requirements: the Maximum Computational Speed is f⥣ = 1/①⥂⧗⌂ ≈ 1.855 × 10⁴³ operations·s⁻¹, and the Maximum Information Density is ρℹ⥣ = ℨᵇ/l_P³ ≈ 2.37 × 10¹⁰⁴ bits·m⁻³. The formal statement is Δt⇌ = ①⥂⧗⌂, Δx⇌ = l_P, where Δt⇌ is the temporal resolution at genesis, Δx⇌ the spatial resolution at genesis, ①⥂⧗⌂ the Local Pulse Tempo (the Planck time) and l_P the Planck length. Dimensions: Δt⇌ [𝕋], Δx⇌ [𝕃]. It connects to the Genesis Transition, Maximum Computational Speed, Maximum Information Density, Planck Time and Harmonic Origin Pulse.
Δt⇌ = ①⥂⧗⌂ [𝕋]
Defined in Planck-Limit Resolution and the Initial Pulse Constraint Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Maximum Computational Speed Eq
The Maximum Computational Speed is the absolute limit on how many operations per second any physical system can perform, one per Local Pulse Tempo ①⥂⧗⌂ (the Planck time, ≈ 5.39 × 10⁻⁴⁴ s). The book treats it as one of three absolute constraints, alongside the Maximum Information Density and Lloyd's Computational Bound, that any computational substrate must obey, whether biological, quantum or artificial. Each comes from a different facet of Planck physics, and this one comes from temporal resolution: no hardware design or algorithm can process faster than the finest time interval reality allows. PulseCore validation is therefore measured against these Planck-defined conditions rather than conventional performance metrics. Among the Chapter 8.5 predictions, f⥣ is the absolute physical limit for information processing. The formal statement is f⥣ = 1/①⥂⧗⌂ ≈ 1.855 × 10⁴³ operations per second, where f⥣ is the maximum computational speed and ①⥂⧗⌂ the Local Pulse Tempo. The book tags f⥣ as [𝕋⁻¹]. It connects to Maximum Information Density, Lloyd's Computational Bound, Causal Resolution, Initial Pulse Constraint and Planck Time.
f⥣ = 1/①⥂⧗⌂ ≈ 1.855 × 10⁴³ [𝕋⁻¹]
Defined in Planck-Limit Resolution and the Initial Pulse Constraint Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Quantum Computational Enhancement Eq
Quantum Computational Enhancement is the step in computational evolution where quantum superposition multiplies parallel computing capacity by an exponential quantum advantage, the 2017–2024 inflection the book calls Quantum-AI Convergence. It is the latest of the book's critical inflection points, following GUI abstraction and network recursion. Each inflection is a threshold-crossing transition that reorganizes the computational substrate and amplifies capacity, and the book presents this one as the current frontier, with exponential scaling potential through superposition and neural network recursion. The enhancement factor depends on the number of effective qubits, with a coherence threshold of 100 qubits. C⊡(t) = C∥ × α₄(t), where C⊡(t) is the quantum-enhanced computational capacity [𝕋⁻¹], C∥ is the parallel-enhanced computational capacity [𝕋⁻¹], and α₄(t) is the exponential quantum advantage, 2^(N⊡⊹(t)) [∅], with N⊡⊹(t) the effective qubit count at time t, N⊡ the quantum coherence threshold (100) and t time [𝕋]. The book checks [𝕋⁻¹] = [𝕋⁻¹] × [∅]. It follows Network Computational Enhancement and GUI Computational Enhancement, and connects to Quantum Advantage, Effective Qubit Count and Historical Computational Progression.
C⊡(t) = C∥ × α₄(t) [operations·s⁻¹]
Defined in Pattern Recurrence in the Bit Curve and Quantum Scaling Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Resonance Condition Eq
The Resonance Condition is the requirement that an external driving frequency match an integer multiple of a mode's instantaneous frequency, within a detuning tolerance, so that the drive interferes constructively with the mode and amplifies it. Resonant driving is how external inputs couple into the toroidal substrate. When the drive aligns with modal harmonics, the system enters a regime of constructive interference, and synchronization then decides whether energy accumulates or disperses over recursive cycles; the detuning parameter controls the gain. The outcome is measured by the Cycle-Averaged Recursive Gain, which separates stability, runaway and collapse. The book also uses the name, in its harmonic foundations, for the standing-wave condition 2L = n × λ⥂/2 that makes standing wave patterns form within the Emergence Arc. ω◌ = k × ω_{m,n}(t) × (1 ± δ), where ω◌ is the external driving frequency [𝕋⁻¹], k is the harmonic number (a positive integer) [∅], ω_{m,n}(t) is the instantaneous modal frequency [𝕋⁻¹], δ is the detuning parameter [∅] and t is time [𝕋]. The book checks [𝕋⁻¹] = [∅] × [𝕋⁻¹] × [∅]. It connects to Instantaneous Modal Frequency, Cycle-Averaged Recursive Gain, Constructive Interference, Modal Quantization, Standing Wave Patterns and Harmonic Resonance Condition.
ω◌ = k × ω_{m,n}(t) × (1 ± δ) [rad·s⁻¹]
Also in 1.14 , 4.7 , 9.8 , 9.9 , 8.11
Defined in Toroidal Pulse Manifold and Zinf-Limit Universe Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Surface Energy Density Requirement Eq
The Surface Energy Density Requirement is the closure condition that the energy per unit area on a Zinf torus's boundary reach a threshold set by the critical collapse threshold and the Pulse energy quantum, divided by the minimal toroidal area. It pairs with the Energy Accumulation Threshold as the condition a closed Zinf torus must meet for dimensional closure. Because the threshold is divided by the boundary area, smaller tori need higher surface energy density, which makes the Zinf limit the most demanding configuration for closure. The book concludes that toroidal closure is conditional rather than automatic, depending on integrated energy input and on boundary geometry, so the Zinf torus acts as a selective filter admitting only configurations able to sustain the needed energy density. The book itself notes that dimensional inconsistencies here remain to be resolved. σ_E ≥ (κ × Ω⨶ × P⊡ × F⊜) / A⥥, where σ_E is the surface energy density [𝕄·𝕋⁻²], κ is a normalization constant [∅], Ω⨶ is the critical collapse threshold, a ratio [∅], P⊡ is the Pulse energy quantum [𝕄·𝕃²·𝕋⁻²], F⊜ is a tolerance modulator [∅] and A⥥ is the minimal toroidal area [𝕃²]. It pairs with the Energy Accumulation Threshold and connects to Minimal Toroidal Area, Pulse Energy Quantum and Toroidal Pulse Manifold.
σ_E ≥ (κ × Ω⨶ × P⊡ × F⊜) / A⥥ [𝕄·𝕋⁻²]
Defined in Toroidal Pulse Manifold and Zinf-Limit Universe Calculator Lexicon entry 8/10
Fundamental Quanta: One Pixel = One Zinf
Fundamental Quanta: One Pixel = One Zinf is the book's statement that the Zinf-Limit Universe reduces every process to discrete spatiotemporal quanta, a half-cycle time step and a matching spatial step, which act as the indivisible pixels of existence. The section defines three linked quanta. The Local Rhythm Quantum is the Pulse Rhythm, the minimal temporal step for causal processes, enforcing strict binary alternation between active and null states and scaled from a local Planck-time analogue. The Zinf-Limit Spatial Quantum is the distance a signal crosses at the lightspeed bound in one Rhythm, the Pulse Diameter scaled by a safety factor. The Pixel Quantization Principle then assigns one minimal boundary cell of extent ℓ_z to each Zinf, and each cell must recollapse from 1 to 0 every frame, one frame lasting one Pulse Rhythm, unless re-excited. Together they set hard limits on both time and space resolution and ground causality in an exact grid. ①⥂⧖ = ①⥂⧗⌂/2 and ℓ_z = κ_z × 𝒞→ × ①⥂⧖ = κ_z × ①⊕, where ①⥂⧖ is the half-cycle time quantum, the Pulse Rhythm [𝕋], ①⥂⧗⌂ the Local Pulse Tempo, one full cycle 0 → 1 → 0 (the Planck time at our level) [𝕋], 2 the half-cycle division factor [∅], κ_z ≥ 1 a safety factor [∅], 𝒞→ the computational lightspeed bound [𝕃·𝕋⁻¹], ①⊕ the Pulse Diameter and ℓ_z the Zinf-limit spatial quantum [𝕃]. It groups the Local Rhythm Quantum, Zinf-Limit Spatial Quantum and Pixel Quantization Principle, and is the same principle as One Pixel = One Zinf.
Local Rhythm Quantum
Defined in The Zinf-Limit Toroidal Universe Lexicon entry 8/10
Pixel Quantization Principle
The Pixel Quantization Principle is the discretization rule that one pixel equals one Zinf: every minimal boundary cell has linear extent ℓ_z and must recollapse from 1 to 0 each frame unless it is actively re-excited. Together with the half-cycle time quantum and the Zinf-limit spatial quantum, it completes the book's picture of reality as a lattice of indivisible quanta. One pixel is the smallest resolvable step through which all causal interactions flow, and since each cell falls back to the null state every Pulse Rhythm unless re-excited, persistence, motion and form exist only through continual re-excitation of binary units, which the book describes as the universe being a recursive display. The principle thus enforces the binary 1 → 0 dynamics of the pulse at the smallest spatial scale. One Pixel = One Zinf ⟹ Minimal boundary cell extent = ℓ_z, where ℓ_z is the Zinf-limit spatial quantum (the minimal boundary cell extent), ①⥂⧖ is the Pulse Rhythm (the frame duration), and 1 and 0 are the active and null state values. The statement is dimensionally [𝕃] = [𝕃]. It is the same principle as One Pixel = One Zinf and Fundamental Quanta: One Pixel = One Zinf, and rests on the Zinf-Limit Spatial Quantum, Local Rhythm Quantum and Pulse Diameter.
One Pixel = One Zinf ⟹ Minimal boundary cell extent = ℓ_z [𝕃]
Defined in The Zinf-Limit Toroidal Universe Lexicon entry 8/10
The full PulseCore lexicon — every term across the book, the simulation and the calculator.